Authors & Affiliations
Glebov A.P.
A.I. Leypunsky Institute for Physics and Power Engineering, Obninsk, Russia
Glebov A.P. – Leading Researcher, Cand. Sci. (Tehn.).
Contacts: 1, pl. Bondarenko, Obninsk, Kaluga region, Russia, 249033. Tel.: +7 (910) 515-91-90; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..
Abstract
The main problems that must be solved in the
present and especially in the future nuclear power industry are the problems of handling spent
nuclear fuel (SNF), radioactive waste (RW and HLW). Russia plans to build many
nuclear power plants abroad, there may be problems with uranium and storage of
returned spent nuclear fuel. Then by 2040–2050 it will be economically feasible to create a nuclear power system
(NPS) with a closed fuel cycle
(CFC), which will use promising reactors with a fast neutron spectrum BN, BR
(with sodium and lead). Reactors cooled by supercritical pressure water (SCW)
with thermal and fast neutron spectra – SCWR, WWER-SCW are considered to be a prospect for the development of
WWER reactors. It is assumed that their cost will be ~30% less
than WWER 3+. These are
Generation-4 reactors. At the first stage, it is planned to develop a
two-component nuclear power plant consisting of thermal and fast neutron
reactors, which significantly reduces the need for natural uranium. In
two-component nuclear power plant natural uranium will be only partially used
in thermal reactors and fuel enrichment in thermal reactors will be due to
reprocessing SNF obtained in fast reactors. The approximate ratio of TR to BN is
2:1. It’s necessary to have centralized SNF reprocessing plants, production and
reuse of regenerated fuel, as well as conditioning and isolation of HLW. The
paper presents an economic assessment when using reactors of the WWER-TOI type
both independently and in combination with BN-1200 (two-component nuclear power
plant), as well as reactors with spectral control – WWER-S, and WWER-SCW with fast (PSCW) and fast resonance neutron
spectra. The comparison is carried out by calculating the fuel cost component
(FCC) of reactor blocks, as well as by metal consumption, construction volumes,
required area, and present value of electricity (LCOE).
Keywords
development of nuclear power plants in
Russia and the world, proven reserves and cost of uranium, water-cooled
reactors of generations 3+ and 4, fast reactors on sodium and lead,
two-component nuclear power plants, spectral regulation, reactors with
supercritical pressure water, closed fuel cycle, strategies for the development
of nuclear energy, project deadlines
Article Text (PDF, in Russian)
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UDC 621.039
Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. Series: Nuclear and Reactor Constants, 2022, issue 1, 1:4
