Alekseev V.V., Sorokin A.P., Kuzina Yu.A., Sutyagina R.O., Sutyagin I.A.
A.I. Leypunsky Institute for Physics and Power Engineering, Obninsk, Russia
The features of the processes of hydrodynamics of heat and mass transfer in cold traps have been studied. Initially, the empirical approach was mainly used. As a result, a scientific rationale was developed for creating cold traps of an original design for BN-350, BOR-60 and BN-600. Their impurity capacity, one of the most important operational characteristics, was several times higher than the best foreign analogues. Taking into account that radioactive sodium leaks occurred during the operation of cold traps of the BN-600 primary circuit, at present, when developing a high-power fast neutron reactor with a sodium coolant, a decision has been made to place a purification system in the reactor tank to improve the safety of the reactor. The issue of eliminating the accumulation of hydrogen in cold traps of the primary circuit when operating at nominal parameters has been resolved. Based on calculations using the developed codes for modeling thermal-hydraulic and mass-transfer processes in a cold trap, refined technical solutions are proposed. For an intra-tank system for sodium purification from impurities, getter traps are an alternative to cold traps. In the primary circuit of a nuclear power plant, it is mainly the purification of sodium from oxygen that is required. Both sorption and chemisorption getters can be used to purify sodium from oxygen. Experiments were carried out on the purification of sodium with a zirconium getter at a temperature of 550 °C. Granular magnesium was used for chemisorption purification, the sodium temperature was maintained at 300 °C; the effect of purification of sodium from oxygen was obtained, while a significant part of magnesium entered the sodium circuit.
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