Arnol'dov M.N., Kozlov F.A., Sorokin A.P.
A.I. Leypunsky Institute for Physics and Power, Obninsk, Russia
The article presents the main developmental milestones ofliquid-metal coolant technologies, features of itsapplication in nuclear power plants for various purposes. It is analyzed the experience of its use in these settings. It is shown the place of each of molten alkali metal as a certain type coolant and purpose of a nuclear facility.
It is considered the results of development of physic-chemical foundation of the use of molten metals as a coolants for nuclear power plants. It is shown that the molten metal – coolant is a part of complex thermodynamic system involving structural materials, gas cavities, internal and external sources of various impurities. Operability ofnuclear reactor’s cooling circuit depends on equilibrium or quasi-equilibrium state setting in this system.
It is consideredthe coolant’s cleaning systemand control its content both in the normal mode of installation and in emergency incidents.
From the described R & D results of and proposed ways to improve the performance of NPS with alkali metal coolants prospects for the creation of nuclear power plants with these coolantsboth for future large-scale nuclear power engineering and nuclear facility for space are visible.
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